Fossil Graveyards Everywhere
Fossils are windows into the world before and after the flood, showing us the incredible diversity of life that was captured and destroyed.
The Idea of a New Creation
Our goal with the New Creation blog is to model what it is to be a new creation; we want to strive to set an example of Christ to others.
Wonders of Creation: Squirrels - Apologetics Press
Squirrels may be common animals, often overlooked, but they are incredible creatures. From their agility to their climbing ability, from ground squirrels to flying squirrels, these amazing animals tes
As we witness the evidence of God’s existence and attributes revealed in the creation, we should praise him for his marvelous handiwork of beauty, brilliant design, and omnipotence. Mindful that it al... View MoreAs we witness the evidence of God’s existence and attributes revealed in the creation, we should praise him for his marvelous handiwork of beauty, brilliant design, and omnipotence. Mindful that it all belongs to him, we are also called to be good stewards of his creation.
https://answersingenesis.org/evidence-for-creation/design-in-nature/what-can-we-learn-about-god-creation/
What Can We Learn about God from Creation?
Nature reveals so much more
about God’s character than a few
hints we might easily overlook.
0:00 – Introduction
6:45 – Describing the lithostratigraphic column
24:45 – Transcontinental water-lain sediments & paleo-currents
38:45 – Lamination & bioturbation
47:45 – Megasequences & pulses of f... View More0:00 – Introduction
6:45 – Describing the lithostratigraphic column
24:45 – Transcontinental water-lain sediments & paleo-currents
38:45 – Lamination & bioturbation
47:45 – Megasequences & pulses of flood water
1:12:15 – Nautiloid fossil beds in Grand Canyon
1:26:00 – Crossbeds in sandstone
https://isgenesishistory.com/90-minutes-of-evidence-for-the-global-flood/
90 Minutes of Evidence for the Global Flood
What did the global flood actually leave on the surface of the earth? Dr. Kurt Wise will transform your view of the world in this important lecture.
BIBLE ARCHAEOLOGY
Source: Michael Mote - Creation vs evolution facebook group
(all details borrowed, I claim no ownership, all emphasis added)... View MoreBIBLE ARCHAEOLOGY
Source: Michael Mote - Creation vs evolution facebook group
(all details borrowed, I claim no ownership, all emphasis added)
Archaeology is often referred to as the 'best friend' of the Bible and for good reason
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OLD TESTAMENT
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The Smithsonian Department of Anthropology - “Much of the Bible, in particular the historical books of the Old Testament, are AS ACCURATE historical documents as any that we have from antiquity and are IN FACT MORE ACCURATE than many of the Egyptian, Mesopotamian, or Greek histories. These Biblical records can be and are used as are other ancient documents in archeological work. For the most part, historical events described took place and the peoples cited really existed.”
Robert Dick Wilson was an American linguist and Presbyterian Old Testament scholar who devoted his life to prove the reliability of the Hebrew Bible. In his quest to determine the accuracy of the original manuscripts, Wilson learned 45 LANGUAGES, including Hebrew, Aramaic, and Greek, as well as ALL the languages into which the Scriptures had been translated up to 600 AD. While at Princeton University, he was able to read the New Testament in NINE LANGUAGES. He graduated from Princeton at the age of 20, later receiving a master's degree and doctorate before doing post-graduate work in Germany at the Humboldt University of Berlin. In 1900, he returned to Princeton as the William Henry Green Professor of Semitic Languages and Old Testament Criticism at Princeton Theological Seminary.
Wilson wrote “A Scientific Investigation of the Old Testament” which pointed out that the names of 29 Kings from ten nations (Egypt, Assyria, Babylon and more) are mentioned not only in the Bible but are also found on monuments of their own time. Every single name is transliterated in the Old Testament exactly as it appears on the archaeological artifact – "syllable for syllable, consonant for consonant. The chronological order of the kings is correct."
"I have come to the conviction that no man knows enough to attack the veracity of the Old Testament. Every time when anyone has been able to get together enough documentary 'proofs' to undertake an investigation, the biblical facts in the original text have victoriously met the test." - R.D. Wilson (quoted in R. Pache, The Inspiration and Authority of Scripture)
"I have excavated for 30 years with a Bible in one hand and a trowel in the other, and in matters of historical perspective, I have never yet found the Bible to be in error." - Prof. Nelson Glueck
"It may be stated categorically that no archaeological discovery has ever controverted a biblical reference." - Nelson Glueck (June 4, 1900 – February 12, 1971) was an American rabbi, academic and archaeologist. He served as president of Hebrew Union College from 1947 until his death, and his pioneering work in biblical archaeology resulted in the discovery of 1,500 ancient sites.
PhD in biblical studies, University of Jena, Germany (1926-1927)
BA, University of Cincinnati (1920)
BHL, Hebrew Union College, (1918)
"There can be no doubt that archaeology has confirmed the substantial historicity of Old Testament traditions." - William F. Albright, American archaeologist, biblical scholar, philologist, and expert on ceramics. Although primarily a biblical archaeologist, Albright was a polymath who made contributions in almost every field of Near Eastern studies. Albright became known to the public for his role in the authentication of the Dead Sea Scrolls in 1948, but made his scholarly reputation as the leading theorist and practitioner of biblical archaeology, "that branch of archaeology that sheds light upon 'the social and political structure, the religious concepts and practices and other human activities and relationships that are found in the Bible or pertain to peoples mentioned in the Bible."
PhD, Semitic Languages, Johns Hopkins University
"Old Testament archaeology has rediscovered whole nations, resurrected important peoples, and in a most astonishing manner filled in historical gaps, adding immeasurably to the knowledge of biblical backgrounds." - Merrill Unger, Bible commentator, scholar, archaeologist, and theologian. He was a prolific writer who authored some 40 books. Unger was also a well known Biblical archaeologist and encyclopedist.
AB & PhD, Johns Hopkins University
ThM & ThD Dallas Theological Seminary
“What is amazing about the Bible is that very often we see that it is very accurate and sometimes amazingly accurate.” - Eilat Mazar, Israeli archaeologist, specializing in Jerusalem and Phoenician archaeology, found King David's palace relying on the Bible as one of her many tools in 2005, (from Using the Bible As Her Guide), PhD Archaeology, Hebrew University (1997), former head of Shalem Center's Institute of Archaeology
Now, onto the discoveries...
JERICHO (1400 BC)
https://biblearchaeologyreport.com/2019/05/25/biblical-sites-three-discoveries-at-jericho/
https://answersingenesis.org/archaeology/the-walls-of-jericho/
In 1930-1936, Professor John Garstang discovered the city of Jericho during an archeological dig (John Garstang, Joshua Judges, London: Constable, 1931). But the real finding was that the walls of the city were spread outward away from the city. That is, the walls had fallen outward just like the Bible said. This was a one-of-a-kind finding at an archeological dig.
Archaeologist Bryant G. Wood, however, editor of Bible and Spade, found that Kenyon had misdated her finds and that the destruction of Jericho actually took place in the 1400s BC when Joshua was very much on the scene, according to earlier (1400 rather than 1200 BC) datings of the Israelite invasion. In a brilliant 1990 article in BAR, Wood based his chronology on stratigraphy, pottery types, carbon-14 datings, and other evidence, including collapsed walls, to show a rather surprising archaeological confirmation of the biblical detail recorded in Judges 6 and following. (Bryant G. Wood, “Did the Israelites Conquer Jericho?” BAR, March/April 1990, 44–58.)
Indeed, we do find archaeological evidence of destruction by fire at Jericho, Ai, and Hazor around 1400 BC, exactly as the Bible describes.
EXODUS, THE MERNEPTAH STELE (1208 BC), SAUDI PILAR, WADI SIDRI INSCRIPTIONS
https://www.equip.org/article/biblical-archaeology-factual-evidence-to-support-the-historicity-of-the-bible/
https://www.allaboutarchaeology.org/merneptah-stele-faq.htm
https://www.biblicalarchaeology.org/daily/biblical-topics/exodus/exodus-fact-or-fiction/
In 1990 Frank Yurco, an Egyptologist at the Field Museum of Natural History in Chicago used hieroglyphic clues from a monolith known as the Merneptah Stele to identify figures in a Luxor wall relief as ancient Israelites. The stele itself, dated to 1208 BC. celebrates a military victory by the Pharaoh Merneptah. “Israel is laid waste” it reads. This lets us know the Israelites were a separate people more than 3,000 years ago.
Flinders Petrie, British archeologist, discovered the Merneptah Stele (1208 BC). This is a record constructed 3,200 years ago in Egypt to record the conflicts with its enemies. This ancient hieroglyphic record clearly mentions Israel by name. For the first time there was indisputable evidence of recorded interaction with Egypt and the Jews.
It is also recorded that as the Israelites fled captivity the Pharaoh mustered an army to pursue them. After traveling across the Sinai desert, the Israelites finally reached the Red Sea with the Egyptians close behind. Despite various retellings of the story, the record states that a strong East to West wind blew throughout the night and dry land appeared from one shore to the other, allowing the Israelites to safely cross. It's recorded that Pharaoh pursed them across this land bridge but the waters returned and consumed the entire Egyptian army.
An ancient pillar was discovered during an expedition in Saudi Arabia opposing the Egyptian border near the Red Sea that scholars conclude was constructed by the Israelites to memorialize the Exodus. Even with thousands of years of weathering, the words Egypt, death, and Pharaoh can still be discerned.
In 1853, Dr. P. A. Stanley discovered six ancient, Aramic inscriptions on the cliffs of the Wadi Sidri in the Penunsula of Sinai . The inscriptions recorded the historical crossing of the Red Sea. Here is an excerpt from the Aramic inscriptions (A. P. Stanley, Sinai and Palestine, London: John Murray, 1905, p. 70):
The leader divided part the sea, its waves roaring.
The people enter, and pass through the midst of the waters.
The wind blowing, the sea dividing into parts, they pass over.
The Hebrews flee through the sea, the sea is turned into dry land.
Their enemies weep for the dead, the virgins are wailing.
The sea flowing down overwhelmed them.
The waters were let loose to flow again.
KING DAVID (REIGNED FROM 1124-1153 BC)
https://www.i24news.tv/en/news/israel/1568040407-7th-century-stamp-bearing-name-of-king-david-s-son-unearthed-in-jerusalem?utm_source=facebook.com&utm_medium=social&utm_campaign=culture&utm_content=en1&fbclid=IwAR11WDS77Ieu19afNLAvJ_n1uhmVPCmm85NXRa7OONRKYnyqgRjSjCIE294
https://welcometotruth.com/blogs/apologetics/old-testament-biblical-archaeology#foob
http://www.sci-news.com/archaeology/science-biblical-kings-david-solomon-02371.html
In 1993 archeologists found proof of King David's existence outside the Bible. At an ancient mound called Tel Dan, in the north of Israel, words carved into a chunk of basalt were translated as "House of David" and "King of Israel". This proved that David was more than just a legend.
Archaeologist Avraham Biran, digging at Tel Dan in northern Israel, discovered a victory stele in three stone chunks on which David’s name is inscribed, the first archaeological reference to David outside of the Old Testament. The Aramaic inscription contains a boast by the king of Damascus (probably Hazael) that he had defeated the king of Israel (probably Joram, son of Ahab) and the king of “the house of David” (probably Ahaziah, son of Jehoram, c. 842 BC). (Hershel Shanks, “Biran at Ninety,” BAR, September/October 1999, 44.)
KING DAVID'S PALACE - Eilat Mazar, Israeli archaeologist, specializing in Jerusalem and Phoenician archaeology, found King David's palace (mentioned in 2Samuel 5:11) relying on the Bible as one of her many tools in 2005.
Israeli translater, Hillel Halkin, on July 2, 2006, described it like this:
“We have a biblical text describing in detail (2 Samuel 5:17) the creation of a Phoenician-style palace by David high up on a particular mountain, around the end of the 11th or the beginning of the 10th century b.c.e.”
“And we have a grand structure of the Phoenician style dating from the same time, on the summit of that very mountain, located with assistance from the text and previous archaeological discoveries.”
“This was not stumbled upon, moreover, but carefully hypothesized, and the current dig was proposed as the test. The likelihood of this happening by chance is extremely small.”
THE TEL DAN INSCRIPTION makes reference, by the enemies of the children of Israel, to the battle between Hazael, King of Aram and the kings of Judah and Israel, which is highlighted in 2 Chronicles 22. This inscription, again written by the enemies also makes reference to the “House of David”, archaeological proof that such a house existed.
https://www.bibleodyssey.org/en/people/related-articles/tel-dan-inscription
3000 YEAR OLD PIECE OF POTTERY Discovered Dating Back to The Kingdom Of David and With Oldest Hebrew Text To Confirm.
https://www.livescience.com/51223-king-david-era-inscription-discovered.html
The Pot Shard Was Found Above The Hillside Where David Was Said To Have Fought Goliath. 11/3/2008
NEW FINDS SUGGEST BIBLICAL KINGS DAVID AND SOLOMON ACTUALLY EXISTED
Six clay seals found at the archaeological site of Khirbet Summeily in Israel offer evidence that supports the existence of Biblical Kings David and Solomon, says a team of archaeologists led by Dr Jeff Blakely of the University of Wisconsin-Madison.
Several other inscriptions have been recovered that mention the "house of David", as well as a 7th century BC stamp bearing name of King David's son unearthed in Jerusalem.
BIBLICAL CITY OF ZIKLAG (MENTIONED IN 1 SAMUEL 30:1)
https://www.jpost.com/Israel-News/Biblical-city-of-Ziklag-where-King-David-took-refuge-found-594955
After a 12-year study of the entire region, archaeologists say they may have found the biblical city of Ziklag near the southern town of Kiryat Gat in Israel. The find, dating to the early tenth century BC, is consistent with scriptural references to the geography of the area: a rural settlement dating to the time of King David among the remains of a Philistine settlement that had been destroyed by fire.
THE POOL OF GIBEON - mentioned in 2 Samuel 2:13 AND Jeremiah 41:12.
https://welcometotruth.com/blogs/apologetics/old-testament-biblical-archaeology#fook
BIBLICAL CITY OF AI LOCATED (15TH CENTURY BC)
https://patternsofevidence.com/2019/02/09/biblical-city-ai-located/?fbclid=IwAR3zqEs5pfeG2eFrBEU20_aBLlRajOQuAId8Ksz02BrOjMPJVvQCOBOJOWA
https://biblearchaeologyreport.com/2019/04/12/biblical-sites-ai/?fbclid=IwAR1zTv9hrs2Ddz2s2uc3p83Np7RGDPxSRzMYIENf4gdG5C0oxmVe70kmI2w
The Biblical City of Ai Located and Matches Joshua’s Story
Identifying Khirbet el-Maqatir as the site of the city of Ai that Joshua defeated demonstrates the historical reliability of the biblical account of the conquest in the 15th century BC
THE AMARNA LETTERS (14TH CENTURY BC)
https://welcometotruth.com/blogs/apologetics/old-testament-biblical-archaeology#foo5
The earliest reference to the City of David (Jerusalem in this case) (2 Samuel Ch. 5) is from the “Amarna Letters”, dating back to the 14th century BC. This is a cuneiform tablet sent from Abdi-Heba, ruler of Jerusalem, to the Egyptian pharaoh. This inscription references “Jerusalem”.
THE GEZAR CALENDAR (10TH CENTURY BC)
http://www.unamsanctamcatholicam.com/history/biblical-archaeology/97-history/biblical-archaeology/476-gezer-calendar.html
The calendar was dated to the middle 10th century B.C. - probably during Solomon's reign, when Gezer was under the control of the Israelites (1 Kings 9:16).
The Gezer Calendar is important because it testifies to the veracity of the Biblical narrative on several points. First, the historical reality of the United Monarchy, which many modern historical form critics deny. Gezer was a Canaanite city for most of its existence; yet in 1 Kings 9:16 we read that the Pharaoh of Egypt - probably Pharaoh Siamun - had "come up and captured Gezer; he destroyed it by fire, killed the Canaanites who dwelt in the town, and gave it as dowry to his daughter, Solomon's wife." Thus Gezer became an Israelite city in the period shortly before the Calendar was carved, which would explain the presence of Hebrew writing in what had, until then, been a Canaanite city. The narrative of 1 Kings and these details of the early years of Solomon's reign are thus verified.
Also the name of the person who owned the tablet, "Abijah", is a common Hebrew name of the 10th century. In fact, Abijah was the name of both the son of Jeroboam and the grandson of Solomon (1 Kings 14:1, 1 Ch. 3:10), both also living in the middle-to late 10th century The name on the tablet thus serves as a further verification of its origin in the time of Solomon.
But most importantly, the Gezer Calendar attests to the widespread use of writing in ancient Israel. According to the modernist Documentary Hypothesis, writing was a late development in Israel, not present until the 8th century at least. Yet in the Gezer calendar we see that not only was writing present in Israel as far back as the time of Solomon, but that it was widespread enough that it was being taught to children. In other words, Israelite society of the early United Monarchy was highly literate.
DISCOVERY OF THE SOLOMONIC WALL IN JERUSALEM
http://templemountlocation.com/eilatMazar-SolomonicWall-RoyalComplex-SolomonPalace.html
https://www.statesman.com/article/20120901/NEWS/309013166?fbclid=IwAR1Bp5lQlhAFKKn79ki0llS2E0S1F84nEJyWmLWgad11v17tfe0pyfijQio
https://www.biblicalarchaeology.org/reviews/discovering-the-solomonic-wall-in-jerusalem-a-remarkable-archaeological-adventure/?fbclid=IwAR3F-axeTC04TMZJ8TL90E8XimzTTlDqzjg-bkXBFkYtuQRT73Hpw4oNtDY
“A comparison of this latest finding with city walls and gates from the period of the First Temple, as well as pottery found at the site, enable us to postulate with a great degree of assurance that the wall revealed was built by King Solomon in Jerusalem in the latter part of the 10th century B.C.E.,” dig director Eilat Mazar said.
The 19½-foot-high wall and its surrounding complex of a gatehouse and a corner tower were excavated over the past three weeks in a dig conducted by the Hebrew University of Jerusalem in the latest of finds linked to the reigns of David and Solomon.
JERUBBAAL (JUDGE GIDEON BEN YOASH, 1,100 BC)
https://www.christianpost.com/news/israel-archaeologists-find-inscription-linked-to-book-of-judges.html?fbclid=IwAR3OtOXlPIUJ74nw1Ho3XEu9AXAM4_tyEHXzTunlO9btDcqbigy8sQNmiOM
Israeli archaeologists excavating in the Judean foothills have uncovered an extremely rare 3,100-year-old inscription from the era of the biblical judges and carrying a name from the book of Judges. “The name of the Judge Gideon ben Yoash was Jerubbaal, but we cannot tell whether he owned the vessel on which the inscription is written in ink,” the archaeologists said in a press release. The story of Gideon is found in Chapters 6, 7 and 8 in the book of Judges.
THE AZARIAH SEAL (1ST TEMPLE PERIOD, 1100-586 BC)
https://welcometotruth.com/blogs/apologetics/old-testament-biblical-archaeology#foo6
Azariah is specifically mentioned in 1 Chronicles 9. He was a member of the high priests who officiated at the end of the First Temple Period (First Temple Period refers to the period from about 1100 to 586 BC).
SHISHAK’S INVASION OF JUDAH (961 BC)
https://www.equip.org/article/biblical-archaeology-factual-evidence-to-support-the-historicity-of-the-bible/
https://welcometotruth.com/blogs/apologetics/old-testament-biblical-archaeology#fooj
https://biblereadingarcheology.com/2015/12/21/pharoah-shishaks-invasion/
First Kings 14 and 2 Chronicles 12 tell of Pharaoh Shishak’s conquest of Judah in the fifth year of the reign of King Rehoboam, the brainless son of Solomon, and how Solomon’s temple in Jerusalem was robbed of its treasures on that occasion. This victory is also commemorated in hieroglyphic wall carvings on the Temple of Amon at Thebes, and records a raid of 140 places including the kingdom of Judah, which took place in the 10th century BC.
OBELISK OF SHALMANESER III (841–814 BC)
https://www.express.co.uk/news/science/1367648/archaeology-news-black-obelisk-shalmaneser-3-bible-accurate-evg?fbclid=IwAR2Lw8c7TrqQFgNonr9SNokoAAKAzUmAhQHbdS9QrYlgtcGRiEyrk7-T79c
https://welcometotruth.com/blogs/apologetics/old-testament-biblical-archaeology#foof
In 2 Kings 9–10, Jehu is mentioned as King of Israel (841–814 BC). That the growing power of Assyria was already encroaching on the northern kings prior to their ultimate conquest in 722 BC is demonstrated by a six-and-a-half-foot black obelisk discovered in the ruins of the palace at Nimrud in 1846. On it, Jehu is shown kneeling before Shalmaneser III and offering tribute to the Assyrian king, the only relief we have to date of a Hebrew monarch.
THE MOABITE STONE (830 BC)
https://www.equip.org/article/biblical-archaeology-factual-evidence-to-support-the-historicity-of-the-bible/
https://welcometotruth.com/blogs/apologetics/old-testament-biblical-archaeology#foog
https://welcometotruth.com/blogs/apologetics/old-testament-biblical-archaeology#foo2
http://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-balaam-son-of-beor-inscription-tell-deir-alla-succoth-1400-750bc.htm
2nd Kings 3 reports that Mesha, the king of Moab, rebelled against the king of Israel following the death of Ahab. A three-foot stone slab, also called the Mesha Stele, confirms the revolt by claiming triumph over Ahab’s family, c. 850 BC, and that Israel had “perished forever.”
An inscription in the Moabite language, a Semitic language closely related to biblical Hebrew. The inscription, of about thirty-five lines, was chiseled into a piece of black basalt measuring about three feet tall by one-and-one-half feet wide. That inscription, dated approximately 830 BC, was set up by King Mesha in a temple at Dhiban to commemorate his "victory" over the Israelites. The Moabite Stone, in fact, gives King Mesha's side of the story. As such it provides a rare glimpse from a genuinely ancient but non-biblical source of an incident in biblical history.
At Tel Deir ‘Alla, Jordan, on the other side of the Jordan, where the Jabat River meets the Jordan, they found a sort-of administration building for the Moabites.
One line from the wall says, “Warnings given by Balaam, the son of Beor. A seer of the gods.” This inscription is dated from the 8th century BC. Numbers 22:5, of course, says, “So he sent messengers to Balaam the son of Beor, at Pethor, which is near the river…” This archaeological find corroborates this biblical scripture.
THE HOUSE OF YAHWEH OSTRACON (835-796 BC)
https://welcometotruth.com/blogs/apologetics/old-testament-biblical-archaeology#foom
The House of Yahweh Ostracon appears to be a receipt for a donation of three shekels of silver to the “House of Yahweh”, which is referring to Solomon’s temple. Some scholars date it between 835 and 796 BC, some 130 years after the temple was built. This is the oldest mention of Solomon’s temple that has been found outside the Bible.
THE SEAL OF MEGIDDO (8TH CENTURY BC)
https://welcometotruth.com/blogs/apologetics/old-testament-biblical-archaeology#fooi
A seal belonging to a royal member in the 8th century BC. It is engraved with a roaring lion (symbol for the kingdom of Judah). The inscription reads, “Shema” on top, and “Servant of Jeroboam” on the bottom (referring to King Jeroboam II who ruled from about 787 BC to about 747 BC).
KING JEROBOAM II (RULED ISRAEL 793–753 BC)- 2 KINGS 14:16, 14:23-29
2,700 years ago, tiny clay piece sealed deal for Bible’s King Jeroboam II
https://www.timesofisrael.com/2700-years-ago-tiny-clay-piece-sealed-deal-for-bibles-king-jeroboam-ii/?fbclid=IwAR2x0bi4Oy06p1fnwl-JV6UfOW2cvUGKUOdYw5dlgAvHTBcKxGGfkSxWB8Q
What is arguably the earliest inscribed clay seal impression from the Land of Israel — used at the court of Israelite King Jeroboam II — has been authenticated after years of strict laboratory testing under the supervision of Ben-Gurion University Prof. Yuval Goren. The inscribed clay, known as a bulla, was purchased without provenance from a Bedouin antiquities merchant in the 1980s and is now thought to be from Jeroboam II’s 8th century BCE reign.
“This bulla is one of the earliest, if not the earliest, inscribed bulla in the Land of Israel,” Goren told The Times of Israel ahead of the publication of a scientific study in Hebrew in a special edition of the Eretz Yisrael journal dedicated to epigrapher Ada Yardeni. It will later appear in English in the Israel Exploration Journal.
The oval bulla is almost identical to a rare — and now lost — much larger jasper stone seal that was found in 1904 by an archaeological excavation at Tel Megiddo led by Gottlieb Schumacher. Both the remarkable lost seal and the newly authenticated seal impression are adorned by a roaring lion that stands with his tail raised, over which is a paleo-Hebrew inscription, “l’Shema eved Yerov’am” (Belonging to Shema the servant/minister of Jeroboam). Jeroboam II is historically understood to have ruled from 788 BC to 748 BC.
KING UZZIAH (RULED JUDAH FROM ABOUT 783–742 BC)
https://www.equip.org/article/biblical-archaeology-factual-evidence-to-support-the-historicity-of-the-bible/
Burial Plaque of King Uzziah. Down in Judah, King Uzziah ruled from about 783–742 BC (according to William F. Albright), a contemporary of Amos, Hosea, and Isaiah. Like Solomon, he began well and ended badly. In 2 Chronicles 26 his sin is recorded, which resulted in his being struck with leprosy later in life. When Uzziah died, he was interred in a “field of burial that belonged to the kings.” His stone burial plaque has been discovered on the Mount of Olives, and it reads: “Here, the bones of Uzziah, King of Judah, were brought. Do not open.”
KING HEZEKIAH (721-686 BC)
https://welcometotruth.com/blogs/apologetics/old-testament-biblical-archaeology#fooe
https://www.equip.org/article/biblical-archaeology-factual-evidence-to-support-the-historicity-of-the-bible/
https://coldcasechristianity.com/writings/a-brief-sample-of-old-testament-archaeological-corroboration/
The Sennacherib Prism - mentions King Hezekian of Judah (housed at the Oriental Institute, Univ. of Chicago), specifically his confrontation with Assyrian king Sennacherib (2 Kings 19) in which Sennacherib boasts of trapping Hezekiah in Jerusalem "like a bird in a cage".
After having conquered the 10 northern tribes of Israel, the Assyrians moved southward to do the same to Judah (2 Kings 18–19). The prophet Isaiah, however, told Hezekiah that God would protect Judah and Jerusalem against Sennacherib (2 Chron. 32; Isa. 36–37). Assyrian records virtually confirm this. The cuneiform on a hexagonal, 15-inch baked clay prism found at the Assyrian capital of Nineveh describes Sennacherib’s invasion of Judah in 701 BC in which it claims that the Assyrian king shut Hezekiah inside Jerusalem “like a caged bird.” Like the biblical record, however, it does not state that he conquered Jerusalem, which the prism certainly would have done had this been the case. The Assyrians, in fact, bypassed Jerusalem on their way to Egypt, and the city would not fall until the time of Nebuchadnezzar and the Neo-Babylonians in 586 BC. Sennacherib himself returned to Nineveh where his own sons murdered him.
KING HEZEKIAH'S TUNNEL IN JERUSALEM - built to bring water into the city as recorded in 2 Kings 20:20.
Hezekiah’s Siloam Tunnel Inscription. King Hezekiah of Judah ruled from 721 to 686 BC. Fearing a siege by the Assyrian king, Sennacherib, Hezekiah preserved Jerusalem’s water supply by cutting a tunnel through 1,750 feet of solid rock from the Gihon Spring to the Pool of Siloam inside the city walls (2 Kings 20; 2 Chron. 32). At the Siloam end of the tunnel, an inscription, presently in the archaeological museum at Istanbul, Turkey, celebrates this remarkable accomplishment. The tunnel is probably the only biblical site that has not changed its appearance in 2,700 years.
Multiple bullae (impressed clay pieces) containing his royal seal have also been found.
King Hezekiah Seal - Hezekiah, son and successor of Ahaz and the 13th king of Judah (king from about 715-686 BC) is mentioned numerous times in the Bible.
THE PROPHET ISAIAH
https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/seal-prophet-isaiah-180968255/
https://www.beliefnet.com/faiths/christianity/6-archaeological-discoveries-that-support-the-bible.aspx
In 2015 archaeologists working in Israel discovered a bulla, the clay impression of a seal, that belonged to King Hezekiah. Ten feet away was another bulla. This one bore the name “Isaiah.” The Isaiah of the Bible was Hezekiah’s advisor in the late 8th and early 7th centuries BC. As such, it would be no surprise to find the fate of these two men remained intertwined even in death. In an even more exciting twist, the name “Isaiah” was followed by the Hebrew letters “nvy.” A prevailing theory is that “nvy” would have been followed by the Hebrew letter aleph. If this were true, the seal would spell out what would translate to “Isaiah the Prophet.”
THE SAMARIA OSTRACA (APPROXIMATELY 700 BC)
https://www.bibleodyssey.org/en/places/related-articles/samaria-ostraca
Written roughly a generation prior to the city’s destruction by the Assyrians in 722 B.C, the Samaria Ostraca are rare examples of writing from ancient Israel (as opposed to Judah). They bear witness to northern Hebrew and to royal scribal practices under the Israelite monarchy.
KETEF HINNOM AMULETS (7TH CENTURY BC)
https://www.biblicalarchaeology.org/daily/biblical-artifacts/inscriptions/miniature-writing-ancient-amulets-ketef-hinnom/
Miniature Writing on Ancient Amulets have inscriptions on them from Numbers 6:24-26.
THE GEMARIAH SEAL (7TH-6TH CENTURY BC)
https://welcometotruth.com/blogs/apologetics/old-testament-biblical-archaeology#foo7
http://jerusalem.nottingham.ac.uk/items/show/37
Son of Shaphan, who was a high official at the court of Jehoiakim of Judah.
BELSHAZZAR: THE SECOND MOST POWERFUL MAN IN BABYLON (6TH CENTURY BC)
How archaeology vindicated the Bible’s curious claims about King Belshazzar
https://creation.com/archaeology-belshazzar?fbclid=IwAR1mjTQtTT0a7AF77Rgq9Xiva7331oyIDgPFA9H1YEuEH-AII5NurXzPHRo
First, in 1854, four clay cylinders with identical inscriptions were excavated from Ur. These Nabonidus Cylinders contained Nabonidus’ prayer to the moon god for “Belshazzar, the eldest son—my offspring.” Thus, Belshazzar’s existence was confirmed—as Nabonidus’ firstborn son and heir to his throne.
Then, in 1882, a translation of another ancient cuneiform text, the Nabonidus Chronicle, was published. According to this document, Nabonidus was a mostly absentee king, spending 10 years of his 17-year reign living in Tema, Arabia (725 km / 450 miles away from Babylon). The king left Belshazzar, whom the text calls “the crown prince”, to take care of affairs in Babylon during that time. Also, the Chronicle explained that Nabonidus was away from Babylon when it fell. Two days earlier he had fled from the Persians when they defeated him at Sippar, so Belshazzar was the highest authority in Babylon at the time of its capture.
Next, the Persian Verse Account of Nabonidus, published in 1924, stated that, as “he started out for a long journey”, Nabonidus “entrusted the kingship” to “his oldest (son), the firstborn.” So Belshazzar clearly functioned in the role of a king for years while his father was away.
Furthermore, a variety of other ancient cuneiform texts were found in the early 1900s which also mentioned Belshazzar, including a tablet from Erech in which both he and his father Nabonidus were jointly invoked in an oath, suggesting that both had royal authority.11
Remarkably, this also sheds light on a small detail in the text—why King Belshazzar only offered the third highest position in the kingdom. Since Nabonidus remained alive until even after Babylon fell, this means that Belshazzar was more like a co-regent, ruling at the same time as, and under the authority of, his father. So Nabonidus was in the ‘number one’ position, while Belshazzar was actually second. This explains why Belshazzar could not offer to Daniel the second spot in the kingdom. Third place was the highest position available!
Now, if the critics were right that Daniel was not written until hundreds of years after these events, it is unlikely that the author would have known about Belshazzar or the fact that he was second in command. But the fact that Daniel is historically accurate—even down to what once seemed to be an insignificant detail—shows that Daniel’s account was penned near the time of the circumstances it records.
THE JERAHMEEL SEAL (APPROXIMATELY 605 BC)
https://welcometotruth.com/blogs/apologetics/old-testament-biblical-archaeology#foo9
https://www.newsweek.com/ancient-clay-seal-discovered-jerusalem-could-have-belonged-citys-governor-2700-767353
"It supports the Biblical rendering of the existence of a governor of the city in Jerusalem 2,700 years ago," according to a statement from the Israel Antiquities Authority, quoting excavator Shlomit Weksler-Bdolah.
The king’s son, who was mentioned in Jeremiah 36:26.
PHARAOH HOPHRA (RULED FROM APPROXIMATELY 589–570 BC)
Pharaoh Hophra is mentioned in Jeremiah 44:30, which reads, “This is what the LORD says: 'I am going to hand Pharaoh Hophra king of Egypt over to his enemies who seek his life, just as I handed Zedekiah king of Judah over to Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon, the enemy who was seeking his life.'" Moreover, the stela was discovered in Ismailia, Egypt, only 29 miles south of the ancient city of Taphanhes, where Jeremiah had been taken (Jer. 43:6-7) and from where he made the prophecy against Pharaoh Hophra (Jer. 44:1).
Farmer Stumbles Onto Egyptian Pharaoh’s 2,600-Year-Old Stone Slab
https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/farmer-stumbles-2600-year-old-egyptian-carving-180978045/?fbclid=IwAR37jQfsZRkYPmxXszNLkPXLTp2I2vPxUIa-huGYQNoJTQ2VI_HovclvPjo
https://biblearchaeology.org/current-events-list/4826-stela-of-pharaoh-hophra-discovered-in-farmer-s-field?fbclid=IwAR1BlrjWgpEZwYBTC9Qb6nPI1HjJEF2LI9fUctU76KGs6DHKRsiOvrmDsQ4
THE LACHISH LETTERS (588 BC)
https://gladtidingsmagazine.org/the-lachish-letters/
In the city of Lachish in Israel, a couple of dozen ostraca were found in a layer of burnt remains which archaeologists date to the destruction of the city by the Babylonians in 588 BC.
NEBO-SARSEKIM (587 BC)
https://biblearchaeology.org/2hjix/3520?fbclid=IwAR08K4C50tXiGUeCaoGZgVBIhudCzCipyXsvIKFiS3U6DGI_iic2t0RtGLY
The tablet mentioning Nebo-Sarsekim was found in Sippar, an ancient Babylonian city 20 mi (32 km) southwest of modern Baghdad and 35 mi (57 km) north of Babylon.
He was a high Babylonian official named in Jeremiah 39:3. The mention of this individual in the Hebrew Bible is yet another example of an obscure 'factoid' which demonstrates the historical accuracy and eyewitness nature of the Biblical record.
KING JOSIAH (586 BC)
Clay seal of King Josiah's aide is found in the remains of an ancient office burnt down by Babylonians in 586 BC – adding weight to proof that the king really existed
https://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-6872731/Biblical-clay-seal-King-Josiahs-aide-discovered-Jerusalem.html
Nathan-Melech, a high-ranking official in the court of King of Judah, is named. His name appears once in the bible (2 Kings) and in relation to King Josiah. The clay bulla would have been used to hold together sheets of papyrus. It is believed he was a high-ranking official and likely one of his royal aides.
During excavations at the site of ancient Shiloh in the city of David archaeologists uncovered a rare seal bearing the inscription, "[belonging] to Nathan-Melech, Servant of the King," This seal been from the kingdom of Judah. It is interesting that the both the name "Nathan Melech and his title "servant of the King" appear in the Bible, in the book of second Kings were he is described as an official in the court of King Josiah of Judah. Jan 2, 2020 - SHILOH, ISRAEL
GEDALIAH SEAL (APPROXIMATELY 586 BC)
https://welcometotruth.com/blogs/apologetics/old-testament-biblical-archaeology#foo8
https://www.biblehistory.net/newsletter/gedaliah.htm
Son of Ahikam, which corroborates 2 Kings 25:22-24.
THE CYLINDER OF CYRUS THE GREAT (539 BC)
https://www.equip.org/article/biblical-archaeology-factual-evidence-to-support-the-historicity-of-the-bible/
-Second Chronicles 36:23 and Ezra 1 report that Cyrus the Great of Persia, after conquering Babylon, permitted Jews in the Babylonian Captivity to return to their homeland. Isaiah had even prophesied this (Isa. 44:28). This tolerant policy of the founder of the Persian Empire is borne out by the discovery of a nine-inch clay cylinder found at Babylon from the time of its conquest, 539 BC, which reports Cyrus’s victory and his subsequent policy of permitting Babylonian captives to return to their homes and even rebuild their temples.
THE EXISTENCE OF ISRAEL'S ENEMIES
https://www.equip.org/article/biblical-archaeology-factual-evidence-to-support-the-historicity-of-the-bible/
The Existence of Hittites. A century ago the Hittites were unknown outside of the Old Testament, and critics claimed that they were a figment of biblical imagination. In 1906, however, archaeologists digging east of Ankara, Turkey, discovered the ruins of Hattusas, the ancient Hittite capital at what is today called Boghazkoy, as well as its vast collection of Hittite historical records, which showed an empire flourishing in the mid-second millennium BC. This critical challenge, among many others, was immediately proved worthless — a pattern that would often be repeated in the decades to come.
ISRAEL’S ENEMIES in the Hebrew Bible likewise are not contrived but solidly historical. Among the most dangerous of these were the Philistines, the people after whom Palestine itself would be named. Their earliest depiction is on the Temple of Rameses III at Thebes, c. 1150 BC, as “peoples of the sea” who invaded the Delta area and later the coastal plain of Canaan. The Pentapolis (five cities) they established — namely Ashkelon, Ashdod, Gaza, Gath, and Ekron — have all been excavated, at least in part, and some remain cities to this day.
ARCHAEOLOGY CONFIRMS BOOK OF GENESIS ON ISRAEL’S ARCH-NEMESIS, THE EDOMITES
https://www.haaretz.com/archaeology/.premium.MAGAZINE-archaeology-confirms-book-of-genesis-on-israel-s-arch-nemesis-the-edomites-1.7855111?fbclid=IwAR3StMP5w1kkPEffjGkAvrXiQAWc2uheokWeT8nTW4h1qBUcd0vadtGZP2c
Study of ancient copper production sites in the deserts of Israel and Jordan indicates that the nomadic Edomites could and did form a powerful political entity more than 3,000 years ago, as the Bible suggests.
[T]he biblical kingdom of Edom was much older than scholars previously thought. In fact it arose even before the formation of ancient Israel – JUST LIKE IT SAYS IN THE BOOK OF GENESIS.
And this in turn would mean that the Edomite kingdom was already formed by the mid-11th century BC, some 300 years earlier than previously thought, the archaeologists conclude in a paper published Wednesday in the scientific journal PLOS One (“Ancient technology and punctuated change: Detecting the emergence of the Edomite Kingdom in the Southern Levant”).
The hypothesis dovetails with the biblical claim that there were “kings who reigned in the land of Edom before any king reigned over the children of Israel” (Genesis 36:31).
If we go by the biblical chronology, the first kings of Israel – Saul, David and Solomon – would have reigned from the late 11th century to the mid 10th century BC. So, whether it’s by coincidence or not, finding that Edom was already an organized state in the middle of the 11th century BC jives with the biblical text.
The Bible says the ancient Israelites had multiple dealings with the neighboring Edomites - who are said to descend from Esau, the brother of the patriarch Jacob. Most prominently, they are supposed to have been conquered by David (2 Samuel 8:14) and ruled by Solomon, who built a Red Sea port on the southern tip of Edomite territory, at Etzion Geber, near what is today the town of Eilat (1 Kings 9:26).
OTHER BIBLICAL CITIES ATTESTED ARCHAEOLOGICALLY
https://www.equip.org/article/biblical-archaeology-factual-evidence-to-support-the-historicity-of-the-bible/
Biblical Cities Attested Archaeologically. In addition to Jericho, places such as Haran, Hazor, Dan, Megiddo, Shechem, Samaria, Shiloh, Gezer, Gibeah, Beth Shemesh, Beth Shean, Beersheba, Lachish, and many other urban sites have been excavated, quite apart from such larger and obvious locations as Jerusalem or Babylon. Such geographical markers are extremely significant in demonstrating that fact, not fantasy, is intended in the Old Testament historical narratives.
NUMEROUS PHOENICIAN AND ARAMAIC INSCRIPTIONS
These can be examined in translation, with reference to the originals, in Ancient Near Eastern Texts Relating to the Old Testament, ed. James B. Pritchard, 2nd ed., Princeton: Princeton University, 1955, pp. 320-24; 3rd ed., 1969, pp. 653-62.). Among the most important of these are the royal inscriptions of the Assyrian and Babylonian kings. We have inscriptions of the Assyrian kings:
1. Sargon II describing a siege of Samaria in 721.
2. Sennacherib describing a siege of Jerusalem in 701.
3. As well as inscriptions relating the Babylonian king Nebuchadnezzar's conquests of Jerusalem in the latter years of Judah's existence before the exile. (See Pritchard, 2nd ed., pp. 284-88; 3rd ed., pp. 563-64.)
SIX BIBLICAL SIGNATURES, TSVI SCHNEIDER, BAR 17:04, JUL-AUG 1991.
The first and best-known Biblical name to be identified on a bulla is Baruch son of Neriah (Jer 43-1–7). The bulla of Yerahme’el, the king’s son, was found in the same collection of bullae as Baruch’s. Yerahme’el is mentioned only once in the Bible, in Jeremiah 36.
Bulla of “Gemaryahu son of Shaphan,” (Jer 36:10-27).
The names of the fourth and fifth Biblical personages to be identified as the owners of seals were found, not on bullae, but on the seals themselves. The inscription on the first seal reads, in two lines, “Belonging to Seriahu/Neriyahu.” (Jer 51-59–64)
It reads “belonging to Azaliabu son of Meshullam.” There are no Biblical stories connected with either of these people but both are related to Gemariah and Shaphan on the City of David bulla. (2 Kings 22-3)
http://cojs.org/six-biblical-signatures/
https://www.baslibrary.org/biblical-archaeology-review/17/4/1?fbclid=IwAR2XIxIvoIrr0dzfmRCVn8zbfy3hlA78hJXHKq6XHZuPfLfXyXfYbZB1eGo
THE DEAD SEA SCROLLS
https://www.deadseascrolls.org.il/learn-about-the-scrolls/introduction?locale=en_US
https://www.imj.org.il/en/wings/shrine-book/dead-sea-scrolls
[https://ia802705.us.archive.org/0/items/pdfy-Uy_BZ_QGsaLiJ4Zs/The%20Dead%20Sea%20Scrolls%20[Complete%20English%20Translation].pdf](https://ia802705.us.archive.org/0/items/pdfy-Uy_BZ_QGsaLiJ4Zs/The%20Dead%20Sea%20Scrolls%20%5BComplete%20English%20Translation%5D.pdf)
http://theuniversalreligion.com/resources/DEAD+SEA+SCROLLS.pdf
The Dead Sea Scrolls are actually hundreds of scrolls and scraps that date between 300 BC and AD 70. About 1/3 of the scrolls contain copies of portions of Old Testament books (every Old Testament book except Esther). These copies are over 1,000 years older than most of the manuscripts scholars previously had available for study and translation.
This find shows that the Old Testament was copied very accurately over the centuries. Our current Old Testament translation (that is for sale in stores today) is extremely close to this early copy, thousands of years old.
https://welcometotruth.com/blogs/apologetics/old-testament-biblical-archaeology#fooc
HISTORIC JUDEAN ARCHEOLOGICAL DISCOVERIES A 'WAKE-UP CALL'
https://www.jpost.com/jerusalem-report/historic-judean-archeological-discoveries-a-wake-up-call-664521?fbclid=IwAR1zHHVTRQAt50hp0VG7GBNEBuh_GJh-UllCmiEQjBYGF3AN76Y1Wz-Gsm8
https://www.timesofisrael.com/bible-scroll-fragments-among-dazzling-artifacts-found-in-dead-sea-cave-of-horror/
Bible scroll fragments among dazzling artifacts found in Dead Sea Cave of Horror
Parts of books of Nahum and Zechariah, world’s oldest woven basket, 6,000-year-old mummified child, Bar Kochba Revolt coins among stunning finds from daring Judean Desert rescue op
TOMB OF HEROD
Israeli Archaeologists Discover the Tomb of Herod the Great Whom Caesar and The Roman Senate Called "King of the Jews", He Was In Power When Jesus Was Born. 5/10/2007
https://www.cctv.com/program/cultureexpress/20070510/100673.shtml
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NEW TESTAMENT
=============
"Where Luke has been suspected of inaccuracy, and accuracy has been vindicated by some inscriptional evidence, it may be legitimate to say archaeology has confirmed the New Testament record." - F.F. Bruce, British biblical scholar, Rylands Professor of Biblical Criticism and Exegesis at the Victoria University of Manchester, head of the Department of Biblical History and Literature at the University of Sheffield
"If the New Testament were a collection of secular writings, their authenticity would generally be regarded as beyond all doubt." - F. F. Bruce, The New Testament Documents: Are They Reliable?
"Archaeology has in many cases refuted the views of modern critics. It has shown in a number of instances that these views rest on false assumptions and unreal, artificial schemes of historical development... The excessive skepticism of many liberal theologians stems not from a careful evaluation of the available data, but from an enormous predisposition against the supernatural." - Millar Burrows, American biblical scholar, a leading authority on the Dead Sea scrolls and professor emeritus at Yale Divinity School. Burrows was director of American School of Oriental Research in Jerusalem, and later president of the American Schools of Oriental Research.
BD, Union Theological Seminary, New York
PhD, Yale University (1925)
"There exists no document from the ancient world witnessed by so excellent a set of textual and historical testimonies, and offering so superb an array of historical data on which an intelligent decision may be made. An honest person cannot dismiss a source of this kind. Skepticism regarding the historical credentials of Christianity is based upon an irrational (i.e., anti-supernatural) bias." - Dr. Clark H. Pinnock, professor of systematic theology at Regent College, Professor Emeritus of Systematic Theology at McMaster Divinity College.
Ancient Near Eastern Studies, University of Toronto (1960)
PhD, New Testament, Manchester University (1963)
"The Bible survives careful investigation in ways that are unique in all literature. Its superiority to attack, its capacity to withstand criticism, and its amazing facility to be proved right are all staggering by any standards of scholarship. Seemingly assured results “disproving” the Bible have a habit of backfiring." - Dr. Clifford A. Wilson, former Director of the Australian Institute of Archaeology
MA, Archaeology, University of Sydney, Australia (1958)
BD, Melbourne College of Divinity (1968)
PhD, Psycholinguistics, University of South Carolina (1972)
"The number of manuscripts of the New Testament, or early translations from it in the oldest writers of the Church, is so large that it is practically certain that the true reading of every doubtful passage is preserved in some one or other of these ancient authorities. This can be said of no other ancient book in the world." - Sir F. Kenyon, British palaeographer and biblical and classical scholar, a noted scholar of ancient languages, who made a lifelong study of the Bible, especially the New Testament as an historical text. His book Our Bible and the Ancient Manuscripts (1895) shows one way that Egyptian papyri and other evidence from archaeology can corroborate the narrative of historical events in the Gospels. He held a series of posts at the British Museum from 1889 to 1931. He was also the president of the British Academy from 1917 to 1921.
"The interval between the dates of the original composition and the earliest extant evidence becomes so small as to be in fact negligible, and the last foundation for any doubt that the Scriptures have come down to us substantially as they were written has now been removed. Both the authenticity and the general integrity of the books of the New Testament may be regarded as finally established." - Sir F. Kenyon
CAIAPHAS, HIGH PRIEST & PROSECUTOR WHO SENTENCED JESUS TO DEATH
http://cojs.org/ossuary_of_the_high_priest_caiaphas-_18-36_ce/?fbclid=iwar2vq8at5waxbarmwjxgdp3vt2gnkwupeqowgh-zo40ktpzdo6v7gy-uyki
The Caiaphas ossuary is one of twelve ossuaries or bone boxes, discovered in a burial cave in south Jerusalem in November 1990, two of which featured the name "Caiaphas". The especially beautiful ossuary is twice inscribed "Joseph, son of Caiaphas" and held the bones of a 60-year-old male.
JAMES, BROTHER OF JESUS OSSUARY
https://www.thevintagenews.com/2019/06/25/james-jesus-ossuary/?fbclid=IwAR3foNQQfnJKvMdQDw-Ma3emc7ofDTp3qhnD5JUL3224AMTNQAPmGu_9uOc
Tombetti wrote, “While some scholars initially supported the prosecution’s thesis, now all the scientists were in agreement: the patina deposited on the inscription had been found to be authentic by a chemical analysis. In addition, a microorganism was found on the inscription and on the ossuary, a fungus that takes at least a hundred years to expand by a few inches. It covered a vast area of the ossuary and in particular its presence was detected over the entire inscription. This meant that its dating had to be forcibly backdated to many centuries ago, approximately to the 1st century AD, and the same applies to the entire epigraph.”
INSCRIPTION CONFIRMS ANCIENT RING BELONGED TO PONTIUS PILATE, MAN WHO ORDERED JESUS’ CRUCIFIXION
https://www.rt.com/news/445144-pontius-pilate-ring-discovered/?fbclid=IwAR2gDqzy1kzuyoUFmX1hurRF6tNzatpU2WRic50o4QAuZmocPvNwnKK_yv4
The name of Pontius Pilate, the Roman official who ordered the crucifixion of Jesus Christ according to Christian scripture, has been deciphered on a bronze ring discovered some 50 years ago near Bethlehem. The ancient ring was found in the late 1960s during an archaeological dig at the site of the Herodion fortress, built by Herod the king of Judea.
Pilate was an infamous Roman governor of Jerusalem in the years 26 to 36 who also allegedly ran Jesus’ trial. The stamping ring bears a picture of a wine vessel surrounded by Greek writing that translated into “Pilatus.”
“I don’t know of any other Pilatus from the period and the ring shows he was a person of stature and wealth,” Professor Danny Schwartz told Haaretz.
THE 'PILATE STONE' IN ISRAEL'S CAESAREA-BY-THE-SEA
https://www.deseret.com/2018/5/3/20644446/the-pilate-stone-in-israel-s-caesarea-by-the-sea?fbclid=IwAR0j1uPbI_VOx4NLtHi6Gq_hOs3v6epeRBlPNEMVAg-LUzB9I3IePnDFSsw#a-stone-with-a-latin-dedicatory-inscription-of-pontius-pilate-was-part-of-an-exhibit-of-holy-land-artifacts-at-emory-universitys-michael-c-carlos-museum-in-atlanta-in-june-2007-ap-photo-john-bazemore
In June 1961, however, while working in the Mediterranean seaside ruins of Caesarea Maritima, a team led by the Italian archaeologist Antonio Frova found a sizable piece of limestone — slightly more than 0.8 meters wide and somewhat less than 0.7 meters high — that bears the name of “Pontius Pilatus.” The Latin inscription read as follows:
To the Divine Augusti (this) Tiberieum
... Pontius Pilate
... prefect of Judea
... has dedicated (this)
Pontius Pilate most likely made his headquarters at Caesarea Maritima, travelling up to Jerusalem only when he had to do so. (From a cynical Roman leader’s point of view, Jerusalem was a virtually ungovernable den of incomprehensible religious fanatics, while Caesarea possessed and still retains the charm that could easily have made it the site of a beautiful coastal resort.)
The so-called “Pilate Stone” is historically significant because it dates to Pilate’s own lifetime. It is contemporary evidence.
POOL OF SILOAM DISCOVERED IN 2004 CONFIRMS JOHN 9:7
https://bibleauthenticity.com/pool-siloam-confirms-john-9-7/?fbclid=IwAR1nOGatJ5c6CguuvV5Yq_f5fUXeHFhJ8MdhdxvOP3ocpUS1ebUZRrsVlYk
https://www.biblicalarchaeology.org/daily/biblical-sites-places/biblical-archaeology-sites/the-siloam-pool-where-jesus-healed-the-blind-man/?mqsc=E3823823
Archaeological discoveries are forcing more and more skeptics to rethink their positions. The actual, genuine Pool of Siloam that was in use in Jesus day was accidentally discovered in 2004. During construction work to repair a large water pipe south of Jerusalem’s Temple Mount, at the southern end of ridge known as the City of David, archaeologists began to uncover what we now know is the Pool of Siloam. Numismatic evidence—coins from the late Hasmonean period (c 90 BCE) and from the Jewish revolt (c 63 CE) — prove that this pool was in use in Jesus’ day. This and other evidence has convinced archaeologists beyond any doubt that this was indeed the Pool of Siloam in John 9.
GALLIO (PROCONSUL OF ACHAEA IN GREECE IN 51 AD)
https://biblearchaeologyreport.com/2019/10/31/gallio-an-archaeological-biography/?fbclid=IwAR1Hwt-zmMufWC5SF3twm1lMlXodQKWTS4E7XXiUoEh_-xDbxd2ZvGBuBE4
In Acts 18:12-16 we read:
“But when Gallio was proconsul of Achaia, the Jews made a united attack on Paul and brought him before the tribunal, saying, “This man is persuading people to worship God contrary to the law.”
But when Paul was about to open his mouth, Gallio said to the Jews, “If it were a matter of wrongdoing or vicious crime, O Jews, I would have reason to accept your complaint. But since it is a matter of questions about words and names and your own law, see to it yourselves. I refuse to be a judge of these things.”
And he drove them from the tribunal.”
ARCHEOLOGISTS FIND ANCIENT TUNNEL USED TO ESCAPE ROMANS - JERUSALEM (AP)
https://usatoday30.usatoday.com/tech/science/discoveries/2007-09-09-israeltunnel_N.htm
Israeli archeologists on Sunday said they've stumbled upon the site of one of the great dramatic scenes of the Roman sacking of Jerusalem 2,000 years ago: the subterranean drainage channel Jews used to escape from the city's Roman conquerors. 9/10/2007
COLOSSEUM ‘BUILT WITH LOOT FROM SACK OF JERUSALEM TEMPLE’ (79-82 AD)
https://www.historiatimelines.com/colosseum-built-with-loot-from-sack-of-jerusalem-temple/?fbclid=IwAR1GhEh4RSj6QteQcTIWcf40fGaEB5OmI3o0VIFAk7iwasEWMW6cGsn93SU
https://tsionizm.com/travel/2019/04/07/did-you-know-the-roman-colosseum-was-built-with-treasure-stolen-from-the-second-temple-of-jerusalem/
https://historycollection.com/sack-ancient-temple-funded-building-colosseum/
THE SHROUD OF TURIN
Videos:
The Shroud of Turin, Secrets of the Resurrection | Documented Miracles (20 mins, 21 secs) - https://youtu.be/WUES9mMy14g
Shroud of Turin: Ray Rogers explains why the carbon-14 dates are most certainly wrong (5 mins, 39 secs) - https://youtu.be/zWWYMwwVhttps://youtu.be/zWWYMwwV5TU5TU
The Shroud of Turin w/ Dr. Wayne Phillips - Sacred Heart Church, Tampa (50:33) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K91jWtBTOFhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K91jWtBTOFo&t=5so&t=5s
LATEST: Shroud Of Turin Image was ALIVE & MOVING (Moment of Resurrection?) https://youtu.be/Hghttps://youtu.be/HgG9m7cqx68G9m7cqx68
The Shroud of Turin - Fact or Fiction https://youtu.behttps://youtu.be/uQ8KRXDtCgI/uQ8KRXDtCgI
Shroud of Turin: The Face of Jesus (Gary Habermas & Bob Rucker) https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=m_uQTXYMUqI&fbclid=IwAR03B6g4Ssmd9RhKj0vYQStWytaQyVfadAiVHuTa3-8Dhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=m_uQTXYMUqI&fbclid=IwAR03B6g4Ssmd9RhKj0vYQStWytaQyVfadAiVHuTa3-8DpNHQ6-ASVeofhU0pNHQ6-ASVeofhU0
Articles:
Shroud of Turin Website
https://www.shroud.com/?fbclid=IwAR25I8F11CFH6D7qblgumHs2C3R8zeU26crK1ptVGiu9P-0toMSkyGeEems
Scientific Papers and Articles https://www.shroud.com/papers.htm?fbclid=IwAR3tUyn_6MWD0JUPk8XB2GYSaVdXuqOfVHxQFITMaxOhxpLg0Fhd-k3wkOk
How Did the Shroud of Turin Get Its Image? (Hint: Think Radiation.) - https://blog.magiscenter.com/blog/how-did-shroud-turin-get-image?fbclid=IwAR1EUszgo_MwGQKmdUr0AuUPVUgaxEQ4zsRxkrOQx1oCQkkBw_U308IijK0
Role of Radiation in Image Formation on the Shroud of Turin https://www.academia.edu/28946606/Role_of_Radiation_in_Image_Formation_on_the_Shroud_of_Turin?fbclid=IwAR3NjrU3DpDfI71B-c1u4r-ioar1E3BuIzIspvsYzjDGdskH6Vdwwml3CWk
List of Evidences of the Turin Shroud https://www.academia.edu/29692422/List_of_evidences_of_the_Turin_Shroud?email_work_card=view-paper
Summary of Scientific Research on the Shroud of Turin https://www.academia.edu/39045212/Summary_of_Scientific_Research_on_the_Shroud_of_Turin
Proposal for C 14 Dating of Charred Material Removed from the Shroud https://www.academia.edu/38729323/Proposal_for_C_14_Dating_of_Charred_Material_Removed_from_the_Shroud?email_work_card=view-paper
Studies on the radiocarbon sample from the shroud of turin http://www.shroud.it/ROGERS-3.PDF?fbclid=IwAR3vWieVYYxhdB4iZXFsRzxt_uxdFlEhQkevW4yyxQW_9Kl31Jv2DL1CFs8
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0040603104004745?fbclid=IwAR0yOZD-MPG19WfBDHmMRcL3H5GRK3QQ8GFccxiwjLZ51JScO4OI9h4DUJM
Radiocarbon dating of the Shroud of Turin. Journal Nature, 337(6208) https://escholarship.org/content/qt6x77r7m1/qt6x77r7m1.pdf?t=nus03r&fbclid=IwAR2Tjw_XgXhhT-5CopbflNyqxepmtYGJi7PpLP-TvfcmWBDOmMAqdrlKI1Q
Botanical Evidence Indicates "Shroud Of Turin" Originated In Jerusalem Area Before 8th Century https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/1999/08/990803073154.htm?fbclid=IwAR1wZj0ybtp1WxOBVlBTVtoj1Mtvb5ra_SHyPih63jSrgP1_8zmkDebc-Wo
The shroud of Turin EXTRAORDINARY evidence of Christ's resurrection
https://reasonandscience.catsboard.com/t1688-the-shroud-of-turin-extraordinary-evidence-of-christ-s-resurrection?fbclid=IwAR1ygsiSeCiNoVfNAgMNUvGZN9_nCCsH7FdXXanBvs7zbio2c_euu0PGtfs
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OTHER INFO & SOURCES
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In Israel All Residential Construction Requires Approval by Israeli Archaeologists So No Stone Goes Unturned, But Underneath This Home Inspectors Found Seal Impressions From The Reign Of King Hezekiah. 2/23/2009
50 Tons of Marble Was Discovered On This 2000 Year Old Shipwreck Destined For Rome's First Emperor Augustus's Sacred Project, The Temple of Apollo. Augustus Was The Emperor of Rome Mentioned In The Bible Who Ordered the Census That Brought Joseph And Mary To Their Ancestral Birthplaces, They Were Both From The City Of Bethlehem. 2/20/2009
"Best Preserved Mummy" Discovered 15 Miles South of Cairo, Egypt, The Storeroom of Mummies Date Back to the 26th Dynasty (640 BC), The Last Native Dynasty of Egypt Before Nebuchadnezzar II of Babylon and Cambyses II of Persia Sent The Kingdom of Egypt Into A Permanent Decline. 2/11/2009
https://www.cbsnews.com/news/storeroom-for-mummies-found-in-egypt/
Egypt-Archaeologists Uncover The Bust of Amenhotep III Who Lived Shortly After The Hebrew Exodus, He Was The Father Of Akhenaten Who Was A Chief Proponent Of Monotheism In Ancient Egypt. 12/5/2008
https://joyofmuseums.com/museums/united-kingdom-museums/london-museums/british-museum/highlights-of-the-british-museum/colossal-granite-statue-of-amenhotep-iii/
Further Excavations At The Herodium Mound Indicate King Herod's Love For Theatre, Among The New Finds are A "Balcony And Viewing Box." Herod The Great Was Mentioned In The Bible As A Psycotic Ruler Who Heard of The Birth of A Jewish Messiah and Ordered The Death Of All Infants In Bethlehem, He was known in History as One of The Greatest Architects In The Roman Empire Period. 11/9/2008
https://phys.org/news/2008-11-excavations-identification-herod-grave-herodium.html
2000 Year Old Gold Pearl Earring Sheds Light and Life To Women in Ancient Jerusalem. 11/8/2008
https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2008-nov-15-sci-briefs15.s2-story.html
Diggers in Israel Find Part of The Wall Of Ancient Jerusalem. 9/3/2008
https://usatoday30.usatoday.com/tech/science/2008-09-03-586351555_x.htm
A Seal Was Discovered Dating From Old Testament Times of Jeremiah The Prophet. Ancient Seals Were Used to Make Impressions In Clay, They Usually Contained Symbols or Figures Which Were Engraved On The Seal. 8/3/2008
https://www.wnd.com/2008/08/71386/
Israeli Archaeologists Uncover The Mansion Of Queen Helena In An Unexpected Place For A Wealthy Woman Living In Jerusalem 2000 Years Ago, She Was Also A Contemporary Of Jesus. 12/10/2007
https://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3479597,00.html
Massive list at the following - https://www.bible-history.com/archaeology/news/
AMAZING- 21 GREATEST OLD TESTAMENT BIBLICAL ARCHAEOLOGY DISCOVERIES EVER (2021)
https://welcometotruth.com/blogs/apologetics/old-testament-biblical-archaeology
15 Historical Proofs of the Bible
https://amazingbibletimeline.com/blog/q9_historical_proof_bible/
Archaeological Discoveries Confirm the Bible
https://tommyswindow.com/en/archaeological-discoveries-confirm-bible/
6 Recent Archaeological Discoveries That Support the Bible
https://blog.logos.com/6-recent-archaeological-discoveries-that-affirm-details-in-scripture/
1. Biblical city of Ziklag
2. Clay pomegranate found in Tel Shiloh
3. Beka weight from the Temple Mount
4. Five rare coins from Jerusalem - Bearing the inscription in ancient Hebrew (Judah), they are believed to be some of the earliest evidence of Jewish coin minting in Israel:
"These were the first coins ever minted by Jews... They express the people’s return to their land after the Babylonian exile, and their ability to hold and maintain diplomatic ties with the ruling empire—then Persia." - Zachi Dvira, Temple Mount Sifting Project
5. Watchtower dating to the time of Hezekiah
6. Fortification wall at Lachish
6 Archaeological Discoveries That Support the Bible
https://www.beliefnet.com/faiths/christianity/6-archaeological-discoveries-that-support-the-bible.aspx
1. Age of Christ’s Tomb
2. Honorable Burial of Crucified Man
3. Seal of the Prophet Isaiah
4. The Pool of Siloam
5. Cylinder of Cyrus the Great
6. Tel Dan Inscription
Archaeology: Biblical Ally or Adversary? 3/30/2009
https://www.equip.org/article/biblical-archaeology-factual-evidence-to-support-the-historicity-of-the-bible/False Claims
No Moses? The very name Moses is Egyptian, as witness pharaonic names such as Thut-mose and Rameses. The ambient life as described in Genesis and Exodus is entirely consonant with what we know of ancient Egypt in the Hyksos and Empire periods: the food, the feasts, everyday life, customs, the names of locations, the local deities, and the like are familiar in both Hebrew and Egyptian literature.
A considerable, and growing, body of literature exists on the Hebrews in Egypt, the role of Joseph, the pharaoh who befriended him, the Hyksos, the pharaoh of the Oppression, the pharaoh of the Exodus, and the Exodus itself. See recent issues of Bible and Spade, especially no. 16 (Winter 2003). Joseph P. Free and Howard F. Vos, Archaeology and Bible History (Grand Rapids: Zondervan Publishing House, 1992), 69–105 is also helpful, as is Alfred J. Hoerth, Archaeology and the Old Testament (Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1999).
The Factual Evidence
The Nuzi Tablets. The some 20,000 cuneiform clay tablets discovered at the ruins of Nuzi, east of the Tigris River and datable to c. 1500 BC, reveal institutions, practices, and customs remarkably congruent to those found in Genesis. These tablets include treaties, marriage arrangements, rules regarding inheritance, adoption, and the like.
Does Archaeology Support the Bible? (short answer is Yes)
https://answersingenesis.org/archaeology/does-archaeology-support-the-bible/
How does archaeology support the Bible? Archaeology has been called “the Bible’s best friend,” a statement that reflects the long history of discoveries supportive of the biblical record.
https://www.gotquestions.org/archaeology-Bible.html
Biblical Sites: Three Discoveries at Jericho
If the Bible is historically accurate when it describes the Israelite conquest of Canaan, we should expect to find some archaeological evidence to support this significant event. The question is,
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